Bibliography for LG218: Sociolinguistics BETA

Adam Ramsay (2014) The many languages native to Britain | openDemocracy. Available at: https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/many-languages-native-to-britain/.

American Anthropological Association Policies (no date). Available at: https://americananthro.org/about/policies/.

Ammon, U., Dittmar, N. and Mattheier, K. (2006) Sociolinguistics: an international handbook of the science of language and society. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Analytic Tech intro to Social Network Analysis (no date). Available at: http://www.analytictech.com/networks/topics.htm.

Ash, S. (2002) ‘Social class’, in The handbook of language variation and change. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 573–597. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=90398.

Bailey, G. et al. (no date) ‘Some Patterns of Linguistic Diffusion’, Language Variation and Change, 5(3), pp. 359–390. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S095439450000154X.

Baugh, J. (1988) ‘Language & race: Some implications for linguistic science’, in F.J. Newmeyer (ed.) Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey: Volume 4: Language: The Socio-Cultural Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 64–74.

Baugh, J. (2001) ‘A dissection of style-shifting’, in Style and sociolinguistic variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 109–118. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/universityofessex-ebooks/detail.action?docID=217736.

Bayard, D. et al. (no date) ‘Pax Americana? Accent Attitudinal Evaluations in New Zealand, Australia and America’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5(1), pp. 22–49. Available at: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9481.00136.

Bayley, R., Lucas, C., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2007) Sociolinguistic variation: theories, methods, and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=214411.

"BBC Voices” recordings of UK English (no date). Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/recordings/index.shtml.

Bell, A. (1997) ‘Language style as audience design’, in Sociolinguistics: a reader and coursebook. Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 240–250.

Bell, A. (2001) ‘Back in style: Reworking audience design’, in Style and sociolinguistic variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 139–169. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/universityofessex-ebooks/detail.action?docID=217736.

Bell, A. (2007) ‘Style in dialogue: Bakhtin and sociolinguistic theory’, in Sociolinguistic variation: theories, methods, and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 90–109. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=214411.

Bell, A. (2009) ‘Language style as audience design’, in The new sociolinguistics reader. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 265–275.

Bell, A. (no date) ‘Language Style as Audience Design’, Language in Society, 13(2), pp. 145–204. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S004740450001037X.

Blake, R. and Josey, M. (no date) ‘The /ay/ Diphthong in a Martha’s Vineyard Community: What Can We Say 40 Years after Labov?’, Language in Society, 32(4), pp. 451–485. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404503324017.

Blommaert, J. (no date) ‘The Asmara Declaration as a Sociolinguistic Problem: Reflections on Scholarship and Linguistic Rights’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5(1), pp. 131–142. Available at: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9481.00142.

Boberg, C. (no date) ‘Geolinguistic Diffusion and the U.S.-Canada Border’, Language Variation and Change, 12(01), pp. 1–24. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500121015.

Bortoni-Ricardo, S.M. (1985) The urbanization of rural dialect speakers: a sociolinguistic study in Brazil. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press.

‘Brief guide to Labov NYC study’ (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Labov_SSENYC_brief_guide.pdf.

Brief Guide to Labov SSENYC sample (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Labov_SSENYC_brief_guide.pdf.

Britain, D. (2002a) ‘Dialectology’. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20120814032243/https://www.llas.ac.uk/resources/gpg/964.

Britain, D. (2002b) ‘Space and Spatial Diffusion’, in The handbook of language variation and change. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 603–637. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=90398.

Britain, D. (2013) ‘Space, Diffusion and Mobility’, in Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics : The Handbook of Language Variation and Change (2). Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 471–500.

Calvet, L.-J. (2003) ‘Reflections on the origins of sociolinguistics in Europe’, in Sociolinguistics: the essential readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.

Cambridge Books Online (EBA) (1998) Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response. Edited by L.A. Grenoble and L.J. Whaley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166959.

Cameron, D. (1995) Verbal hygiene. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/universityofessex-ebooks/detail.action?docID=957011.

Cameron, D. (2015) ‘A Response to Naomi Wolf’. Available at: https://debuk.wordpress.com/2015/07/26/a-response-to-naomi-wolf/.

Cameron, D. (no date a) Back down to Earth. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Cameron%20GenderMyths3%20GuardianOct07.html.

Cameron, D. (no date b) Speak up, I can’t hear you. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Cameron%20GenderMyths2%20GuardianOct07.html.

Cameron, D. (no date c) What language barrier? Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Cameron%20GenderMyths1%20GuardianOct07.html.

Catanzaro et al, M. (2016) Refugees: The Risk of Using Language as a Passport. Journalism Fund. Available at: http://www.journalismfund.eu/language-passport.

Chambers, J.K. et al. (2002) The handbook of language variation and change. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=90398.

Chambers, J.K. (2009a) Sociolinguistic theory: linguistic variation and its social significance. Rev. ed. Chichester: WileyBlackwell.

Chambers, J.K. (2009b) Sociolinguistic theory: linguistic variation and its social significance. Rev. ed. Chichester: WileyBlackwell.

Chambers, J.K. (2009c) Sociolinguistic theory: linguistic variation and its social significance. Rev. ed. Chichester: WileyBlackwell.

Chambers, J.K. (2009d) Sociolinguistic theory: linguistic variation and its social significance. Rev. ed. Chichester: WileyBlackwell.

Chambers, J.K. (2009e) Sociolinguistic theory: linguistic variation and its social significance. Rev. ed. Chichester: WileyBlackwell.

Chambers, J.K. (2009f) Sociolinguistic theory: linguistic variation and its social significance. Rev. ed. Chichester: WileyBlackwell.

Chambers, J.K., Trudgill, P., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (1998a) Dialectology. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=112412.

Chambers, J.K., Trudgill, P., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (1998b) Dialectology. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=112412.

Chambers, J.K., Trudgill, P., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (1998c) Dialectology. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=112412.

Chambers, J.K., Trudgill, P., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (1998d) Dialectology. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=112412.

Cheating (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Cheating.html.

Cheshire, J. (2002) ‘Sex and gender in variationist research’, in The handbook of language variation and change. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 423–443. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=90398.

Cheshire, J. (no date) ‘Linguistic variation and social function’, in Sociolinguistic variation in speech communities. London.

Coates, J. (2004) Women, men and language: a sociolinguistic account of gender differences in language. 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson.

Coates, J. and Pichler, P. (2011) Language and gender: a reader. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

Column by Naomi Wolf on ‘vocal fry’ (2015). The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jul/24/vocal-fry-strong-female-voice.

Comparison of ‘Cockney’ and ‘Estuary English’ (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/CockneyVsEstEng.htm.

‘Complaints about the Decline of English, from the 14th C onwards...’ (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/DeclineOfEnglish.pdf.

Coulmas, F. and EBSCOhost ebook collection (1998a) The handbook of sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=44751.

Coulmas, F. and EBSCOhost ebook collection (1998b) The handbook of sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=44751.

Coupland, N. (2007) Style: Language Variation and Identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=206936.

Coupland, N. and Jaworski, A. (2009) The new sociolinguistics reader. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Crawford, J. (1992) Language loyalties: a source book on the official English controversy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Crystal, D. (2008) A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. 6th ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.

Cyr, D. (1999) ‘Metalanguage awareness: a matter of scientific ethics’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 3(2), pp. 283–286. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00078.

Davis, L.M. (no date) ‘The Problem of Social Class Grouping in Sociolinguistic Research’, American Speech, 60(3), pp. 214–221. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/454885.

Definitions of ‘speech community’ (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/SpeechComDefs.html.

Dragojevic, M., Giles, H. and Watson, B. (2013) ‘Language Ideologies and Language Attitudes: A foundational framework’, in Howard Giles (ed.) The social meanings of language, dialect and accent: international perspectives on speech styles. New York: Peter Lang, pp. 1–25.

Eberhardt, M. and Downs, C. (no date) ‘“(r) You Saying Yes to the Dress?”: Rhoticity on a Bridal Reality Television Show’, Journal of English Linguistics, 43(2), pp. 118–142. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424215578147.

Eckert, P. (1998) ‘Gender and sociolinguistic variation’, in Language and gender: a reader. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 64–75.

Eckert, P. (2000) Linguistic variation as social practice: the linguistic construction of identity in Belten High. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishers.

Eckert, P. (2001) ‘Style and social meaning’, in Style and sociolinguistic variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 119–126. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/universityofessex-ebooks/detail.action?docID=217736.

Eckert, Penelope (no date a) ‘Adolescent Social Structure and the Spread of Linguistic Change’, Language in Society, 17(2), pp. 183–207. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500012756.

Eckert, Penelope (no date b) ‘The Whole Woman: Sex and Gender Differences in Variation’, Language Variation and Change, 1(3), pp. 245–267. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S095439450000017X.

Eckert, Penny (no date) Third Wave Variation studies. Available at: http://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/thirdwave.html.

Eckert, P. and McConnell-Ginet, S. (1992) ‘Think Practically and Look Locally: Language and Gender as Community- Based Practice’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 21, pp. 461–490. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.21.100192.002333.

Eckert, P. and McConnell-Ginet, S. (1995) ‘Constructing meaning, constructing selves: Snapshots of language, gender and class from Belten High’, in Gender articulated: language and the socially constructed self. New York: Routledge, pp. 459–507.

Eckert, P. and Rickford, J.R. (2001) Style and sociolinguistic variation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

ECMI - European Centre for Minority Issues publications, many on language rights (no date). Available at: http://www.ecmi.de/publications/.

Edwards, V. (1997) ‘Patois and the politics of protest: Black English in British classrooms’, in Sociolinguistics: a reader and coursebook. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Estuary English described (no date). Available at: http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/.

Ethnologue - Languages of the world -- 22nd ed. (2019). Available at: https://www.ethnologue.com/.

Fasold, R. (1984) Semantic Differential Scale - example. Available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/Courses/SemanticDiff6-1-2.jpg.

Fasold, R.W. (1984a) The sociolinguistics of society. Oxford: B. Blackwell.

Fasold, R.W. (1984b) The sociolinguistics of society. Oxford: B. Blackwell.

Fasold, R.W. (1990a) The sociolinguistics of language. Oxford, OX, UK: B. Blackwell.

Fasold, R.W. (1990b) The sociolinguistics of language. Oxford, OX, UK: B. Blackwell.

Finegan, E. and Biber, D. (1994) ‘Register and social dialect variation: An integrated approach’, in Sociolinguistic perspectives on register. New York: Oxford University Press.

Fischer, J.L. (1958) ‘Social Influences on the Choice of a Linguistic Variant’, WORD, 14(1), pp. 47–56. Available at: https://www-tandfonline-com.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1080/00437956.1958.11659655.

Formal Linguistics vs Sociolinguistics (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/FormalSocio.html.

Foulkes, P. and Docherty, G.J. (1999a) Urban voices: accent studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold. Available at: https://doi-org.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/10.4324/9781315832470.

Foulkes, P. and Docherty, G.J. (1999b) Urban voices: accent studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold. Available at: http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315832470.

Foundation For Endangered Languages (no date). Available at: http://www.ogmios.org/index.php.

From Geordie to Jamaican? (BBC news) (no date). Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/5144300.stm.

Gal, S. (no date) ‘Peasant Men Can’t Get Wives: Language Change and Sex Roles in a Bilingual Community’, Language in Society, 7(1), pp. 1–16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500005303.

Garrett, P. (2007a) ‘Language attitudes’, in The Routledge companion to sociolinguistics. London: Routledge, pp. 116–121.

Garrett, P. (2007b) ‘Language attitudes’, in The Routledge companion to sociolinguistics. London: Routledge, pp. 116–121. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=171267.

Garrett, P., Williams, A. and Evans, B. (no date) ‘Attitudinal data from New Zealand, Australia, the USA and UK about each other’s Englishes: Recent changes or consequences of methodologies?’, Multilingua. Edited by I. Piller, 24(3), pp. 211–235. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1515/mult.2005.24.3.211.

Giglioli, P.P. (1972) Language and social context: selected readings. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Giles, H. and Watson, B.M. (eds) (2013) The social meanings of language, dialect and accent: international perspectives on speech styles. New York: Peter Lang.

Gordon, E. (no date) ‘Sex, Speech, and Stereotypes: Why Women Use Prestige Speech Forms More than Men’, Language in Society, 26(1), pp. 47–63. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500019400.

Gordon, M. (2007a) ‘Techniques of analysis I: Phonological variation’, in The Routledge companion to sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.

Gordon, M. (2007b) ‘Techniques of analysis I: Phonological variation’, in The Routledge companion to sociolinguistics. London: Routledge. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=171267.

Green, C. (6AD) ‘Sprakab agency misled Home Office over checks on asylum-seekers’. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/sprakab-agency-misled-home-office-over-checks-on-asylum-seekers-10089311.html.

Guidelines for the use of Language Analysis in relation to questions of national origin in refugee cases (2004). Language and National Origin Group. Available at: https://repository.essex.ac.uk/11702/.

Guy, G. (1988) ‘Language and social class’, in F.J. Newmeyer (ed.) Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey: Volume 4: Language: The Socio-Cultural Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 37–63.

Guy, G.R. and Boyd, S. (no date) ‘The Development of a Morphological Class’, Language Variation and Change, 2(1), pp. 1–18. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500000235.

Haeri, N. (1996) ‘“Why do women do this?” Sex and gender differences in speech’, in Towards a social science of language: papers in honor of William Labov. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, pp. 101–114.

Haeri, N. (no date) ‘A Linguistic Innovation of Women in Cairo’, Language Variation and Change, 6(1), pp. 87–112. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500001599.

Hansen, K., Rakić, T. and Steffens, M.C. (no date) ‘When Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Preventing Discrimination of Nonstandard Speakers’, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 33(1), pp. 68–77. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X13499761.

Hazen, K. (2007) ‘The study of variation in historical perspective’, in Sociolinguistic variation: theories, methods, and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–89. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=214411.

Heller, M. (1999) ‘Ebonics, language revival, la qualite de la langue and more: what do we have to say about the language debates of our time?’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 3(2), pp. 260–266. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00075.

Hickey, R. (no date) Studying Varieties of English - themes, descriptions, maps, soundfiles. Available at: https://www.uni-due.de/SVE/.

Hindi/Urdu and Mandarin/Cantonese examples (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/HindiChinese.html.

Holmes, J. and dawsonera (2013) An introduction to sociolinguistics. 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson. Available at: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=essexacuk&accId=7572256&isbn=9781408279236.

Horvath, B.M. (1985) Variation in Australian English: the sociolects of Sydney. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press.

Horvath, B.M. and Horvath, R.J. (no date) ‘A Multilocality Study of a Sound Change in Progress: The  Case of /l/ Vocalization in New Zealand and Australian English’, Language Variation and Change, 13(1), pp. 37–57. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394501131029.

Hudson, R.A. (1996) Sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166843.

Hyde (2005) Chart of sex difference in (more-or-less) linguistic abilities. Available at: http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2007/10/01/genderdifferences.pdf.

Hymes, D. (1972) ‘On communicative competence’, in Sociolinguistics: selected readings. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 296–293.

Interactive IPA (phonetic symbol) Charts (no date a). Available at: http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/.

Interactive IPA (phonetic symbol) Charts (no date b). Available at: http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/.

Introducing Some Basic Concepts Useful in Sociolinguistics (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/BasicConcepts.html.

IPA character picker (no date). Available at: https://r12a.github.io/pickers/ipa/.

Irvine, J. and Gal, S. (2000) ‘Language ideology and linguistic differentiation’, in Regimes of language: ideologies, polities, and identities. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, pp. 35–83.

‘Is English going to the dogs? Historical views’ (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/DeclineOfEnglish.pdf.

Johnson, W. and Britain, D. (no date) ‘L-Vocalisation as a Natural Phenomenon: Explorations in Sociophonology’, Language Sciences, 29(2–3), pp. 294–315.

Johnstone, B. (1996) The linguistic individual: self-expression in language and linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Jonathan Portes (2013) Speaking English Does Matter, But Almost All Immigrants to the UK Do. Huffington Post UK. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/jonathan-portes/immigrants-speaking-english_b_2817716.html.

Jones, M.C. and Ogilvie, S. (eds) (2013) Keeping languages alive: documentation, pedagogy and revitalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kerswill, P. (2007a) ‘Social Class’, in The Routledge companion to sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.

Kerswill, P. (2007b) ‘Social class’, in The Routledge companion to sociolinguistics. London: Routledge, pp. 51–61. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=171267.

Kibbee, D.A. and Language Legislation and Linguistic Rights Conference (1998) Language legislation and linguistic rights: selected proceedings of the Language Legislation and Linguistic Rights Conference, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, March 1996. Amsterdam: J. Benjamin Pub. Co.

Kiesling, S.F. (1998) ‘Men’s Identities and Sociolinguistic Variation: The Case of Fraternity Men’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2(1), pp. 69–99. Available at: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9481.00031.

Kiesling, S.F. (2011) Linguistic variation and change. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Kontra, M. (1999) Language: a right and a resource : approaching linguistic human rights. Budapest: Central European University Press.

Krebs, V. (no date) A Brief Introduction to Social Network Analysis. Available at: http://www.orgnet.com/sna.html.

Kristiansen, T. (2011) ‘Attitudes, ideology and awareness. In Wodak et al., eds., The SAGE handbook of sociolinguistics’, in The SAGE handbook of sociolinguistics. London: Sage, pp. 265–278.

Kroch, A. (1996) ‘Dialect and style in the speech of upper-class Philadelphia’, in Towards a social science of language: papers in honor of William Labov. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, pp. 23–45.

Kroch, A.S. (no date) ‘Toward a Theory of Social Dialect Variation’, Language in Society, 7(1), pp. 17–36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500005315.

Labov, B. and MacNeil, R. (2008) ‘Northern Cities Chain Shift’, Do You Speak American? Edited by J. Frost. Arlington, US: PBS. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UoJ1-ZGb1w.

Labov overall sample in NYC (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Labov-SSENYC-Table6-4.pdf.

Labov, W. (1963) ‘The Social Motivation of a Sound Change’, WORD, 19(3), pp. 273–309. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1963.11659799.

Labov, William (1972a) ‘Hypercorrection by the lower middle class as a factor in linguistic change’, in Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 122–142.

Labov, William (1972b) ‘The isolation of contextual styles’, in Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Labov, W. (1972) ‘The logic of non-standard English’, in Language and social context: selected readings. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 179–215.

Labov, William (1972c) ‘The social stratification of (r) in New York City department stores’, in Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 43–69.

Labov, W. (1984) ‘Field methods of the Project in Linguistic Change and Variation’, in Language in use: readings in sociolinguistics. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, pp. 28–53.

Labov, W. (1994a) Principles of linguistic change. Oxford: Blackwell.

Labov, W. (1994b) Principles of linguistic change. Oxford: Blackwell.

Labov, W. (2001) ‘The anatomy of style-shifting’, in Style and sociolinguistic variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 85–108. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/universityofessex-ebooks/detail.action?docID=217736.

Labov, W. (2003) ‘Some sociolinguistic principles’, in Sociolinguistics: the essential readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, pp. 234–250.

Labov, W. (2009) ‘The social stratification of (r) in New York City department stores’, in The new sociolinguistics reader. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 49–59.

Labov, W. (2010) ‘The social motivation of a sound change’, in The Routledge sociolinguistics reader. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 292–322.

Labov, W. (2012a) ‘Chapter 1 of Dialect Diversity in America’, in Dialect diversity in America: the politics of language change. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

Labov, W. (2012b) ‘Chapter 2’, in Dialect diversity in America. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

Labov, W. (2012c) ‘Hidden Diversity’, in Dialect Diversity in America: The Politics of Language Change. London, UK: University of Virginia Press, pp. 16–26. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=2358351&site=ehost-live&ebv=EK&ppid=Page-__-16.

Labov, W. (no date a) Generalisations on linguistic differentiation of men and women. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/SexDiff%20PrinciplesLabov.htm.

Labov, W. (no date b) ‘Objectivity and Commitment in Linguistic Science: The Case of the Black English Trial in Ann Arbor’, Language in Society, 11(2), pp. 165–201. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500009192.

Labov, W. (no date c) ‘The Child as Linguistic Historian’, Language Variation and Change, 1(1), pp. 85–97. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500000120.

Labov, W. (no date d) ‘The Intersection of Sex and Social Class in the Course of Linguistic Change’, Language Variation and Change, 2(2), pp. 205–254. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500000338.

Labov, W, Ash, S. and Boberg, C. (2005a) ‘Chapter 6: the Construction of Isoglosses. In The Atlas of North American English’, in The Atlas of North American English. De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 44–41.

Labov, Wiliam, Ash, S. and Boberg, C. (2005) ‘Chapter 17 of The Atlas of North American English: New York City and the Mid-Atlantic states’, in The Atlas of North American English : Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change. De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 233–239.

Labov, W, Ash, S. and Boberg, C. (2005b) ‘Sec. 4.11: the Socio-Economic Index. In Chapter 4’, in The Atlas of North American English. De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 30–31.

Labov, W., Ash, S. and Boberg, C. (2006) The Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology, and Sound Change: A Multimedia Reference Tool. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110167467#DEGR.

Labov, W. and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2006) The social stratification of English in New York City. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=206810.

Labov, W. and Harris, W. (1986) ‘De facto segregation of black and white vernaculars’, in Diversity and diachrony. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, pp. 1–24.

Labov’s Principles of Linguistic Methodology (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Principles%20Labov.htm.

Ladefoged, P. (1996) Intro to A Course in Phonetics, also  Vowels and Consonants. Available at: http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter1/chapter1.html.

Ladegaard, H.J. (no date) ‘Language Attitudes and Sociolinguistic Behaviour: Exploring Attitude-Behaviour Relations in Language’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4(2), pp. 214–233. Available at: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/doi/full/10.1111/1467-9481.00112.

Laforest, M. (1999) ‘Can a sociolinguist venture outside the university?’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 3(2), pp. 276–282. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00077.

Language Subordination Model (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/LangSubordModel.htm.

Language, Variety & Standard (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Standards.html.

LePage, R.B. (1998) ‘The evolution of a sociolinguistic theory of language’, in The handbook of sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 15–32. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=44751.

Linguistic Atlases of the USA (no date). Available at: http://us.english.uga.edu/.

Linguistic Convergence and Divergence, and Acts of Identity (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/ActsIDcriteria.html.

Linguistic Society of America (no date). Available at: http://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/resolutions-statements-and-guides.

‘Linguistic Society of America Committee on Social & Political Concerns, 1995: Statement on Language Rights’ (no date). Available at: http://www.linguisticsociety.org/files/lsa-stmt-language-rights.pdf.

Lippi-Green, R. (2012a) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Lippi-Green, R. (2012b) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Lippi-Green, R. (2012c) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Lippi-Green, R. (2012d) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Lippi-Green, R. (2012e) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Lippi-Green, R. (2012f) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Lippi-Green, R. (no date) ‘Accent, Standard Language Ideology, and Discriminatory Pretext in the Courts’, Language in Society, 23(2), pp. 163–198. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500017826.

Lippi-Green, R. and dawsonera (2012a) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203348802.

Lippi-Green, R. and dawsonera (2012b) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203348802.

Lippi-Green, R. and dawsonera (2012c) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203348802.

Lippi-Green, R. and dawsonera (2012d) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203348802.

Lippi-Green, R. and dawsonera (2012e) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203348802.

Lippi-Green, R. and dawsonera (2012f) English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203348802.

Llamas, C. et al. (2007) The Routledge companion to sociolinguistics. London: Routledge. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=171267.

Llamas, C., Mullany, L. and Stockwell, P. (2007) The Routledge companion to sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.

Macaulay, R.K.S. (2009) Quantitative methods in sociolinguistics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Maclagan, M.A., Gordon, E. and Lewis, G. (no date) ‘Women and Sound Change: Conservative and Innovative Behavior by the Same Speakers’, Language Variation and Change, 11(1), pp. 19–41. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394599111025.

Major, R.C. (no date) ‘Gender and Stylistic Variation in Second Language Phonology’, Language Variation and Change, 16(3), pp. 169–188. Available at: https://essex.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=4388275490007346&institutionId=7346&customerId=7345&VE=true.

Marshall, J. (no date) ‘The Changing Sociolinguistic Status of the Glottal Stop in Northeast Scottish English’, English World-Wide, 24(1), pp. 89–108. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.24.1.06mar.

Matsuda, M.J. (no date) ‘Voices of America: Accent, Antidiscrimination Law, and a Jurisprudence for the Last Reconstruction’, The Yale Law Journal, 100(5), pp. 1329–1407. Available at: https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/ylr100&i=1343.

Matt Gordon on PBS about vowel shifting (Do You Speak American? | PBS) (no date). Available at: http://www.pbs.org/speak/ahead/change/changin/.

May, S. (2012) Language and minority rights: ethnicity, nationalism and the politics of language. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.

McCafferty, K. (1998a) ‘Barriers to Change: Ethnic Division and Phonological Innovation in Northern Hiberno-English’, English World-Wide, 19(1), pp. 7–32.

McCafferty, K. (1998b) ‘Shared accents, divided speech community? Change in Northern Ireland English’, Language variation and change, 10(2), pp. 97–121.

Mesthrie, R. (2009a) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Mesthrie, R. (2009b) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Mesthrie, R. (2009c) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Mesthrie, R. (2009d) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Mesthrie, R. (2009e) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Mesthrie, R., Asher, R.E., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2001) Concise encyclopedia of sociolinguistics. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=91136.

Mesthrie, R. and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2009a) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2. ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=231485.

Mesthrie, R. and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2009b) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2. ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=231485.

Mesthrie, R. and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2009c) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2. ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=231485.

Mesthrie, R. and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2009d) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2. ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=231485.

Mesthrie, R. and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2009e) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2. ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=231485.

Meyerhoff, M. (2011a) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Meyerhoff, M. (2011b) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Meyerhoff, M. (2011c) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Meyerhoff, M. (2011d) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Meyerhoff, M. (2011e) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Meyerhoff, M. (2011f) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Meyerhoff, M. (2011g) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Meyerhoff, M. (2011h) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Meyerhoff, M. (2018) ‘Glossary of Sociolinguistics terms’, in Introducing Sociolinguistics. 3rd edn. Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://search-ebscohost-com.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1875703&site=ehost-live&authtype=sso&custid=s9814295&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_327.

Meyerhoff, M. (no date a) Introducing Sociolinguistics: Exercises. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Available at: http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/meyerhoff/exercises.asp.

Meyerhoff, M. (no date b) Introducing Sociolinguistics: Weblinks and videos. Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/meyerhoff/links.asp.

Meyerhoff, M. (no date c) Sociolinguistics: A Glossary of Terms. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20200206093522/http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/meyerhoff/glossary.asp#d.

Meyerhoff, M. and dawsonera (2011a) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203874196.

Meyerhoff, M. and dawsonera (2011b) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203874196.

Meyerhoff, M. and dawsonera (2011c) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203874196.

Meyerhoff, M. and dawsonera (2011d) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203874196.

Meyerhoff, M. and dawsonera (2011e) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203874196.

Meyerhoff, M. and dawsonera (2011f) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203874196.

Meyerhoff, M. and dawsonera (2011g) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203874196.

Meyerhoff, M. and dawsonera (2011h) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203874196.

Meyerhoff, M. and dawsonera (2011i) Introducing sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203874196.

Meyerhoff, M. and Schleef, E. (2010) The Routledge sociolinguistics reader. Abingdon: Routledge.

Millar, S. (no date) ‘British Educational Policy, Sociolinguistics, and Accent’, Journal of English Linguistics, 25(2), pp. 107–121. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/007542429702500205.

Milroy, J.& L. (1998) ‘Varieties and variation’, in The handbook of sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=44751.

Milroy, J. and Milroy, L. (1998a) ‘Mechanisms of change in urban dialects: the role of class, social network and gender’, in Sociolinguistics reader. London: Arnold, pp. 179–195.

Milroy, J. and Milroy, L. (1998b) ‘Mechanisms of change in urban dialects: the role of class, social network and gender’, in Sociolinguistics reader. London: Arnold, pp. 179–195.

Milroy, J. and Milroy, L. (2012) Authority in language: investigating standard English. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Milroy, J., Milroy, L., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (no date) Authority in language: investigating standard English. 4th ed. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=443948.

Milroy, L. (1987) Language and social networks. 2nd ed. Oxford: B. Blackwell.

Milroy, L. (1992) ‘New Perspectives in the analysis of sex differentiation in language’, in Sociolinguistics today: international perspectives. London: Routledge, pp. 163–179.

Milroy, L. and Llamas, C. (2002a) ‘Social networks’, in The handbook of language variation and change. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 409–427. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=90398.

Milroy, L. and Llamas, C. (2002b) ‘Social networks’, in The handbook of language variation and change. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 549–572. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=90398.

Milroy, L. and Llamas, C. (2013a) ‘Social networks’, in The handbook of language variation and change. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 409–427.

Milroy, L. and Llamas, C. (2013b) ‘Social networks’, in The handbook of language variation and change. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 409–427.

Murray, S.O. (no date) ‘Network Determination of Linguistic Variables?’, American Speech, 68(2), pp. 161–177. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/455675.

Neuberger, D.E. et al. (2014) Secretary of State for Home Department (Appellant) v MN and KY (Respondents) (Scotland) - UKSC_2013_0202_Judgment.pdf. Available at: https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2013-0202.html.

Nichols, P. (1998) ‘Black women in the rural South: Conservative and innovative’, in Language and gender: a reader. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 55–63.

‘Norfolk rural dialect speaker Edward Dawson’ (no date). Available at: http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/text-only/england/north-elmham/.

North Carolina Language & Life project (no date). Available at: https://languageandlife.org/documentaries/.

North/South comparison of progress on the Shift (no date). Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/restricted/images/VariationGraphics-1/NCities.NScomparison.gif.

‘Notes on Language Ideology’ (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/LanguageIdeology.pdf.

Patrick, P. (1997) ‘Style and register in Jamaican Patwa’, in Englishes around the world: studies in honour of Manfred Görlach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Patrick, P.L. (1999a) Social Stratification in Kingston, Jamaica. Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/SocialStratificationKingston.pptx.

Patrick, P.L. (1999b) ‘The urban speech community of Kingston, Jamaica’, in Urban Jamaican Creole: Variation in the Mesolect. John Benjamins.

Patrick, P.L. (2002) ‘The Speech Community’, in The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden, US: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 573–597. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=90398&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_573.

Patrick, P.L. (2012) ‘Language analysis for determination of origin: Objective evidence for refugee status determination’, in The Oxford handbook of language and law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://academic-oup-com.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/edited-volume/34877.

Patrick, Peter L (no date a) ‘ApparentTimePatternsLanguageChange.pdf’. Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/ApparentTimePatternsLanguageChange.pdf.

Patrick, Peter L. (no date a) Bibliography on Attitudes to African American English, w/abstracts. Available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/aavesem/attitudes.htm.

Patrick, Peter L. (no date b) Change from Above and from Below. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/ChangeAboveBelow.html.

Patrick, Peter L (no date b) Chart comparing notions of Language Style. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/StyleChart.html.

Patrick, Peter L (no date c) Dialectology and Dialect Geography. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/DialectologySum.htm.

Patrick, Peter L (no date d) Guide to Variation Graphics, 1. Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/restricted/images/VariationGraphics-1/Guide-1.docx.

Patrick, Peter L (no date e) How to Talk Like a Hillbilly. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Hillbilly.pdf.

Patrick, Peter L (no date f) Introducing Vowel Shifts. Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/restricted/images/VariationGraphics-1/IntroducingVowelShifts.pdf.

Patrick, Peter L (no date g) Kingston (Jamaica) - a Subjective Reaction Test. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/SubjectiveReactionTestVeeton.pdf.

Patrick, Peter L. (no date c) Labov’s Five Principles of Linguistic Style. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/5principlesStyle.htm.

Patrick, Peter L (no date h) Language Rights introductory lecture materials. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg474/HU921materials.htm.

Patrick, Peter L. (no date d) Language Testing of Asylum Seekers. Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/LADO_CardiffNov2015.pptx.

Patrick, Peter L (no date i) Lecture notes on the Sociolinguistics of Style. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/StyleNotes.html.

Patrick, Peter L (no date j) LG474 Language Rights: Coursepage. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg474/index.htm.

Patrick, Peter L. (no date e) Linguistic human rights: A sociolinguistic perspective. Available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/lhr/linguistichumanrights.htm.

Patrick, Peter L (no date k) NYC phonological variables. Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/restricted/images/VariationGraphics-1/NYCvarb.html.

Patrick, Peter L (no date l) Ocracoke Island, NC, dialect features. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Ocracoke.html.

Patrick, Peter L (no date m) Philadelphia phonological variables. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/restricted/images/VariationGraphics-1/PhillyVarb.htm.

Patrick, Peter L. (no date f) Sex Differentiation in Variation. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/SexLinkNotes.htm.

Patrick, Peter L (no date n) Social Networks - Notes. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg554/SocialNetworks.pdf.

Patrick, Peter L. (no date g) Ten sociolinguistic axioms, by Peter L Patrick (Univ of Essex). Available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/Courses/10slxaxioms.htm.

Patrick, Peter L (no date o) Variation Graphics, 1. Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/restricted/images/.

Patrick, Peter L (no date p) Variation Graphics, 2. Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/restricted/images/VariationGraphics-2/.

Patrick, P.L. and Straw, M. (no date a) Ipswich Glottals - Spectrograms. Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/IpswichGlottalsSpectrograms.docx.

Patrick, P.L. and Straw, M. (no date b) Ipswich Glottals - Spectrograms - powerpoint. Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/IpsGlotsSpectrograms.pptx.

Patrick, P.L. and Straw, M. (no date c) UKLVC Sheffield - Ipswich (t). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Shef03.pdf.

Paulston, C.B. (no date) ‘Language Policies and Language Rights’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 26, pp. 73–85. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.73.

Paulston, C.B. and Tucker, G.R. (2003) Sociolinguistics: the essential readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.

Payne, A. (1980) ‘Factors controlling the acquisition of the Philadelphia dialect by out-of-state children’, in Locating language in time and space. New York: Academic Press, pp. 143–178.

Penny Eckert’s page on the NCCS (down the page, see "Detroit area vowels”) (no date). Available at: https://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/vowels.html.

Peter L Patrick (1999) ‘Subjective Reaction Test for Kingston, Jamaica’. Available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/Courses/SubjectiveReactionTestVeeton.pdf.

Pope, J., Meyerhoff, M. and Ladd, D.R. (no date) ‘Forty Years of Language Change on Martha’s Vineyard’, Language, 83(3), pp. 615–627. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40070904.

Preston, D. (2002) ‘Language with an attitude’, in The handbook of language variation and change. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 40–66. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=90398.

Preston, D. (2010) ‘Language with an attitude’, in The Routledge sociolinguistics reader. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 112–131.

Preston, D.R. (no date) ‘Sorting out the Variables in Sociolinguistic Theory’, American Speech, 66(1), pp. 33–56. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/455433.

Preston, D.R. and Fought, J.G. (1993) American dialect research. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co.

Prof. Dennis Baron’s webpage (no date). Available at: https://english.illinois.edu/directory/profile/debaron.

Queen, R. (2013a) ‘Gender, sex, sexuality and sexual identities’, in The handbook of language variation and change. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 368–387.

Queen, R. (2013b) ‘Gender, sex, sexuality and sexual identities’, in The handbook of language variation and change. Second edition. [Hoboken]: Wiley-Blackwell, is an imprint of John Wiley, pp. 368–387. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=600596.

Rampton, B. (1995) Crossing: language and ethnicity among adolescents. London: Longman.

‘Recording of Norwich dialect speaker Pam Alden’ (no date). Available at: http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/text-only/england/norwich/.

Resources (links and videos) on language attitudes (no date). Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/meyerhoff/resources.php.

Rickford, J. and McNair-Knox, F. (1994) ‘Addressee- and topic-influenced style shift: A quantitative sociolinguistic study’, in Sociolinguistic perspectives on register. New York: Oxford University Press.

Rickford, J.R. (1986) ‘The Need for New Approaches to Social Class Analysis in Sociolinguistics’, Language & Communication, 6(3), pp. 215–221. Available at: http://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/PDF/rickford1986.pdf.

Rickford, J.R. (1999) African American vernacular English: features, evolution, educational implications. Malden, Mass: Blackwell.

Rickford, John R. (no date a) ‘Social Class Groupings in Sociolinguistic Research’, American Speech, 62(3), pp. 281–285. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/454812.

Rickford, John R. (no date b) ‘The Ebonics Controversy in my Backyard: A Sociolinguist’s Experiences and Reflections’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 3(2), pp. 267–266. Available at: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9481.00076.

Rickford, John Russell (no date) ‘Unequal Partnership: Sociolinguistics and the African American Speech Community’, Language in Society, 26(2), pp. 161–197. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500020893.

Roberts, C., Davies, E. and Jupp, T.C. (1992) Language and discrimination: a study of communication in multi-ethnic workplaces. London: Longman.

Rose, D., Pevalin, D.J., and SMRO. (2003) A researcher’s guide to the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification. London: SAGE. Available at: https://methods.sagepub.com/book/a-researchers-guide-to-the-national-statistics-socio-economic-classification.

Samples of ethnic/regional varieties of North American English (no date). Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20160521221010/http://ic-migration.webhost.uits.arizona.edu/icfiles/ic/lsp/site/.

Sankoff, D. et al. (1989) ‘Montreal French: Language, class and ideology’, in R.W. Fasold and D. Schiffrin (eds) Language change and variation. J Benjamins. Available at: https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/cilt.52.06san/details.

Sankoff, D. and Laberge, S. (1978) ‘The linguistic market and the statistical explanation of variability’, in Linguistic variation: models and methods. New York: Academic Press, pp. 239–250.

Santa Ana, O. (no date) ‘`Like an Animal I was Treated’: Anti-Immigrant Metaphor in US Public Discourse’, Discourse & Society, 10(2), pp. 191–224. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002004.

Schleef, E., Meyerhoff, M. and Clark, L. (no date) ‘Teenagers’ Acquisition of Variation: A Comparison of Locally-Born and Migrant Teens’ Realisation of English (ing) in Edinburgh and London’, English World-Wide, 32(2), pp. 206–236. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.32.2.04sch.

Sharma, D. and Rampton, B. (no date) ‘Lectal Focusing in Interaction: A New Methodology for the Study of Style Variation’, Journal of English Linguistics, 43(1), pp. 3–35. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424214552131.

Shuy, R. (2003) ‘A brief history of American sociolinguistics, 1949-1989’, in Sociolinguistics: the essential readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.

Similarity map for British English varieties (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/SEDsimilarityMap.gif.

Skutnabb-Kangas, T., Phillipson, R. and Kontra, M. (no date) ‘Reflections on Scholarship and Linguistic Rights: A Rejoinder to Jan Blommaert’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5(1), pp. 143–155. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00143.

Skutnabb-Kangas, T., Phillipson, R. and Rannut, M. (1995) Linguistic human rights: overcoming linguistic discrimination. Berlin: de Gruyter.

SOC2010 volume 3: the National Statistics Socio-economic classification (2010). Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160106042025/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/classifications/current-standard-classifications/soc2010/soc2010-volume-3-ns-sec--rebased-on-soc2010--user-manual/index.html.

Sociolinguistic change from above/below (definitions) (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/ChangeAboveBelow.html.

Sociolinguistic Variation: Summary of some key concepts (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/SocioVarSum.html.

Some Definitions and Divisions of Sociolinguistics (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/DefinitionsSlx.html.

Soukup, B. (no date) ‘“Y’all come back now, y’hear? Language attitudes in the United States towards Southern American English”’, VIEWS, 10(2), pp. 56–68. Available at: https://docplayer.net/61838338-Y-all-come-back-now-y-hear-language-attitudes-in-the-united-states-towards-southern-american-english-diplomarbeit-barbara-soukup.html.

Sound map - Accents & dialects | British Library - Sounds (no date). Available at: https://www.bl.uk/british-accents-and-dialects/collection-items.

South Wales matched-guise experiment - Results 1 (SW English) (no date). Available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/Courses/SWales6-1.jpg.

South Wales matched-guise experiment - Results 2 (Welsh) (no date). Available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/Courses/SWales6-2.jpg.

South Wales matched-guise experiment - Results (Welsh, chart) (no date). Available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/Courses/SWales6-3.jpg.

Straw, M. and Patrick, P.L. (no date) Dialect acquisition of glottal variation in /t/: Barbadians in Ipswich. Available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/papers/IpsGlotLangSciWeb.pdf.

Survey Criteria (Prof PL Patrick, U Essex) (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/CriteriaforSurvey.htm.

Survey of English Dialects, SED overview (no date). Available at: http://www.yorkshiredialect.com/SED.htm.

The Northern Cities Chain Shift in North America (no date). Available at: https://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/restricted/images/VariationGraphics-1/NCitiesShift.jpg.

Trask, R.L. (1997) A student’s dictionary of language and linguistics. London: Arnold.

Trask, R.L. and Stockwell, P. (2008) Language and linguistics: the key concepts. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

Trawick-Smith, B. (no date) IPA Tutorial Lesson One | Dialect Blog. Available at: http://dialectblog.com/the-international-phonetic-alphabet/ipa-tutorial/lesson-1/.

Trudgill, P. (1974) The social differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge [Eng.]: University Press.

Trudgill, P. (1983a) On dialect: social and geographical perspectives. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Trudgill, P. (1983b) On dialect: social and geographical perspectives. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Trudgill, P. (1983c) On dialect: social and geographical perspectives. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Trudgill, P. (1983d) ‘Sex and covert prestige’, in On dialect: social and geographical perspectives. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Trudgill, P. (2000) Sociolinguistics: an introduction to language and society. 4th ed. London: Penguin. Available at: https://app.kortext.com/Shibboleth.sso/Login?entityID=https://idp0.essex.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://app.kortext.com/borrow/409538.

Trudgill, P. (2003) A glossary of sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Trudgill, P. and Cheshire, J. (1998) Sociolinguistics reader. London: Arnold.

Tsunoda, T. (2006) Language endangerment and language revitalization: an introduction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights (no date). Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20170611003455/http://www.linguistic-declaration.org/index-gb.htm.

Wardhaugh, R. and Fuller, J.M. (2015) An introduction to sociolinguistics. Seventh edition. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.

Weinberger et al, S. (no date) Speech Accent Archive. Available at: http://accent.gmu.edu/.

Welsh/English attitudes experiment (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/Wales4Varieties.html.

Wenger-Trayner, E. and B. (2015) Introduction to communities of practice. Available at: http://wenger-trayner.com/introduction-to-communities-of-practice/.

West Indians in Cardiff (no date). Available at: http://orb.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg218/CardiffWI.html.

WhatYouOughtToKnow (2008) ‘Things We Say Wrong’. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbSSQe6vsSw.

Wolfram, W. (1993) ‘Identifying and interpreting variables’, in American dialect research. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co.

Wolfram, W. (1998) ‘Dialect in society’, in The handbook of sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=44751.

Wolfram, Walt (1998) ‘Scrutinizing Linguistic Gratuity: Issues from the Field’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2(2), pp. 271–279. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00044.

Wolfram, W. and Schilling-Estes, N. (2016a) American English: dialects and variation. Third edition. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.

Wolfram, W. and Schilling-Estes, N. (2016b) American English: dialects and variation. Third edition. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.

Wolfram, W. and Schilling-Estes, N. (2016c) American English: dialects and variation. Third edition. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.

Wolfram, W. and Schilling-Estes, N. (2016d) American English: dialects and variation. Third edition. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.

Wolfram, W. and Schilling-Estes, N. (2016e) American English: dialects and variation. Third edition. Chichester, West Sussex [England]: Wiley Blackwell.

Wolfram, W., Schilling-Estes, N., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2016a) American English: dialects and variation. Third edition. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1084381.

Wolfram, W., Schilling-Estes, N., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2016b) American English: dialects and variation. Third edition. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1084381.

Wolfram, W., Schilling-Estes, N., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2016c) American English: dialects and variation. Third edition. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1084381.

Wolfram, W., Schilling-Estes, N., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2016d) American English: dialects and variation. Third edition. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1084381.

Wolfram, W., Schilling-Estes, N., and EBSCOhost ebook collection (2016e) American English: dialects and variation. Third edition. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1084381.

Zwaan, K., Verrips, M. and Muyskem, P. (2010) Language and origin: the role of language in European asylum procedures : linguistic and legal perspectives. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers.